Capítulo 1.5 - La importancia de los tóxicos químicos en el suministro de Agua, Saneamiento e Higiene (WASH, por sus siglas en inglés)
1.5 Resumen del capítulo, 1.6 Referencias
Mensaje de video from the former Director of US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Dr. Linda Birnbaum, at the inaugural meeting of the WASH-Toxics Working Group, October 2016.
Resumen del Capítulo 1:
La globalización ha llevado a una contaminación química generalizada en los países en desarrollo. La exposición a muchas de estas sustancias químicas provoca efectos nocivos en el sistema inmunitario, lo que afecta la respuesta del cuerpo a las enfermedades infecciosas y reduce la eficacia de las vacunas y las intervenciones WASH[18].
Los científicos, ingenieros y toxicólogos ambientales se han preocupado durante mucho tiempo por los impactos dañinos de los contaminantes químicos en el medio ambiente y la salud humana. Sin embargo, hasta ahora el desarrollo de WASH ha descuidado este tema crítico[5].
Investigaciones recientes han indicado que mitigar las exposiciones químicas es una condición necesaria pero insuficiente para lograr resultados transformadores de WASH[18, 28].
El propósito de este libro es proporcionar a los profesionales de WASH, y realmente a cualquier persona cuya responsabilidad sea la seguridad del agua potable en su hogar o comunidad, los antecedentes relevantes sobre la importancia y la tratabilidad de los productos químicos en entornos de bajos recursos. Los procesos de adsorción proporcionan los mejores medios actualmente disponibles y rentables para controlar muchos contaminantes químicos en el agua. El adsorbente de biocarbón es un material que se puede fabricar localmente utilizando una tecnología muy simple y económica para su uso en el tratamiento del agua. Los capítulos que siguen proporcionan el conocimiento técnico mínimo necesario de los procesos de adsorción, junto con herramientas prácticas para hacer material adsorbente de biocarbón, integrando el tratamiento de biocarbón para contaminantes químicos con otros procesos unitarios que eliminan o inactivan patógenos biológicos, más el diseño, operación y monitoreo de sistemas de tratamiento de agua con biocarbón en entornos de bajos recursos.
Este libro representa la culminación de casi quince años de investigación de campo y laboratorio realizada por mí y muchos queridos colegas. Nuestra investigación continúa para mejorar el tratamiento del agua con biocarbón y extenderlo a nuevos dominios. Sin embargo, ha llegado el momento de traducir nuestros resultados del "lenguaje académico" publicado en revistas revisadas por pares en un manual de campo accesible y procesable. Mi objetivo es proporcionar en estas páginas un compendio de las mejores prácticas para implementar el tratamiento de agua con biocarbón que se basan en el estado actual de la técnica.
Mi esperanza, nuestra esperanza, es resaltar un componente históricamente descuidado de la programación de WASH y proporcionar una solución "lista para usar" en el camino hacia el logro de WASH transformador para todos.
1.6 Referencias de Capítulo 1
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[Siguiente: Capítulo 2 - 'Contaminantes prioritarios' y sustancias químicas de preocupación emergente]